Advanced Computers and Microprocessors Quiz

Computers and Microprocessors Quiz – Set 8

Attempt each question, then click “Show answer” to reveal the correct option and a brief explanation.

1. Which type of error in digital circuits occurs when different signal paths have different propagation delays, causing temporary incorrect outputs?

  • A. Round-off error
  • B. Hazard or glitch
  • C. Parity error
  • D. Overflow error
Correct answer: B. Hazard or glitch — Unequal delays can cause spurious temporary changes in output.

2. Which number system is most convenient for representing machine-level instructions for human understanding (rather than binary)?

  • A. Decimal
  • B. Hexadecimal
  • C. Octal only
  • D. Roman numerals
Correct answer: B. Hexadecimal — It maps neatly to binary in groups of 4 bits and is compact.

3. In microprocessor systems, which memory typically stores the bootloader and low-level hardware initialization code?

  • A. Cache
  • B. RAM
  • C. ROM/Flash memory
  • D. Virtual memory
Correct answer: C. ROM/Flash — Non-volatile memory retains firmware even when power is off.

4. In a typical instruction, which part specifies where the result should be stored?

  • A. Opcode
  • B. Destination operand field
  • C. Condition code
  • D. Interrupt vector
Correct answer: B. Destination operand field — It identifies the register or memory location for the result.

5. Which of the following storage technologies is purely optical?

  • A. SSD
  • B. HDD
  • C. CD/DVD/Blu-ray
  • D. Magnetic tape
Correct answer: C. CD/DVD/Blu-ray — They use lasers to read/write pits on a disc surface.

6. Which of the following is the main function of an “I/O controller” on a motherboard or expansion card?

  • A. To act as the main CPU
  • B. To manage communication between the CPU/memory and peripheral devices
  • C. To replace the operating system kernel
  • D. To store user documents permanently
Correct answer: B. Manage communication — I/O controllers handle device-level protocols and buffering.

7. In networking, which address is used to uniquely identify a device at the Data Link layer?

  • A. IP address
  • B. MAC address
  • C. URL
  • D. Port number
Correct answer: B. MAC address — It is burned into the network interface card (NIC) at Layer 2.

8. Which protocol is commonly used to translate human-readable domain names into IP addresses?

  • A. HTTP
  • B. FTP
  • C. DNS
  • D. SMTP
Correct answer: C. DNS — Domain Name System maps names to numeric IP addresses.

9. Which of the following is NOT typically part of a CPU’s status/flags register?

  • A. Zero flag
  • B. Carry flag
  • C. Sign flag
  • D. IP address flag
Correct answer: D. IP address flag — Flags relate to arithmetic/logic results and control flow, not network addresses.

10. Which one of the following best describes “interrupt latency”?

  • A. Time taken by CPU to execute a single instruction
  • B. Time between an interrupt signal and the start of its service routine
  • C. Time taken to transmit a packet across a network
  • D. Time for the OS to boot
Correct answer: B. Time from interrupt to ISR start — Lower latency improves responsiveness.

11. In an associative (content-addressable) cache, data is located by:

  • A. Its physical address only
  • B. Its index and tag combination in a fixed set
  • C. Comparing tags of all cache lines in parallel to find a match
  • D. Linear search through main memory
Correct answer: C. Comparing tags in parallel — Fully associative caches are flexible but more complex.

12. Which of the following is a primary advantage of using “paging” in memory management?

  • A. Eliminates the need for secondary storage
  • B. Avoids external fragmentation by using fixed-size blocks
  • C. Ensures every process always has contiguous physical memory
  • D. Removes the need for cache memory completely
Correct answer: B. Avoids external fragmentation — Pages/frames are fixed size, simplifying allocation.

13. Which type of memory is commonly used for implementing a CPU cache?

  • A. DRAM
  • B. SRAM
  • C. ROM
  • D. Magnetic tape memory
Correct answer: B. SRAM — Static RAM is faster, making it suitable for cache levels.

14. In digital logic, De Morgan’s first law states that:

  • A. (A + B)’ = A’ + B’
  • B. (A + B)’ = A’ · B’
  • C. (A · B)’ = A’ · B’
  • D. (A · B)’ = A + B
Correct answer: B. (A + B)’ = A’ · B’ — Similarly, (A · B)’ = A’ + B’.

15. Which of the following is a typical responsibility of the “file system” in an operating system?

  • A. Scheduling CPU time among processes
  • B. Managing files, directories, and disk space allocation
  • C. Translating high-level language to machine code
  • D. Routing packets in a network
Correct answer: B. Managing files/directories — The file system organizes data on storage devices.

16. Which networking device regenerates and amplifies signals to extend the distance of a network segment but does not filter traffic?

  • A. Repeater
  • B. Switch
  • C. Router
  • D. Firewall
Correct answer: A. Repeater — It boosts signals at the physical layer without any traffic intelligence.

17. “Thrashing” in a virtual memory system refers to:

  • A. CPU overheating due to overuse
  • B. System spending most of its time swapping pages in and out of memory, severely degrading performance
  • C. Sudden loss of all stored data
  • D. Network congestion due to broadcast storms
Correct answer: B. Excessive paging activity — Thrashing occurs when working sets do not fit in physical memory.

18. Which of the following RAID levels provides disk mirroring for redundancy but no striping?

  • A. RAID 0
  • B. RAID 1
  • C. RAID 5
  • D. RAID 10
Correct answer: B. RAID 1 — It mirrors data on two or more disks for fault tolerance.

19. In CPU architecture, “speculative execution” refers to:

  • A. Executing instructions only after their outcome is guaranteed
  • B. Executing instructions along predicted paths before it is known whether they are needed
  • C. Running random instructions to test CPU stability
  • D. Executing microcode updates automatically at boot
Correct answer: B. Executing predicted-path instructions — If predictions are wrong, results are discarded.

20. “Parity bit” in data transmission is mainly used for:

  • A. Correcting all errors automatically
  • B. Detecting single-bit errors in transmitted data
  • C. Compressing data to half its size
  • D. Encrypting data for confidentiality
Correct answer: B. Detecting single-bit errors — Parity allows simple error detection but not full correction.

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